vroom 1964 expectancy theory pdf download

Van Eerde 1996 explains expectancy as “a subjective probability of an action or effort leading to an outcome or performance”. Instrumentality is the relationship between different outcomes and their probabilities (Van Eerde 1996). Valence is defined by Van Eerde 1996 as all the possible affective orientations toward outcomes such as the attractiveness or anticipated satisfaction with outcomes. This is shown through the three concepts of valence, instrumentality and expectancy (Van Eerde 1996). Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (1964) is based on the theory that employees will perform tasks if they have the expectation to do it, the ability to do it, the opportunity to do it and the belief that their effort will be rewarded (Johnson 2008). According to Lee 2007, “expectancy is a person’s estimation of the probability that effort will lead to successful performance”.

Traditionally motivation theories have had a focus on human desire rather than the processes people go through to decide whether they act (Clayton 2008). Understanding Vroom’s Expectancy Theory for Workplace Motivational Success Melissa Andrew

Vroom 1964 expectancy theory pdf download